The most common site of ectopic pregnancy was found to be ampulla 35(58.3%) followed by isthmus 11(18.3%). There was no mortality.

Pelvic inflammatory disease was the commonest risk factor, laparotomy was the commonest modality of surgical management and ampulla was the commonest site of ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis, referral and treatment in the tertiary care center prevents morbidity and mortality related to ectopic pregnancy.

Pelvic inflammatory disease was the commonest risk factor, laparotomy was the commonest modality of surgical management and ampulla was the commonest site of ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis, referral and treatment in the tertiary care center prevents morbidity and mortality related to ectopic pregnancy.

In Nepal, the trend of rushing to orthopedic subspecialty fellowship is rising up. It’s debatable whether this pattern of practice is advancing orthopaedic care. There are issues with cost of subspecialty training and work satisfaction after it. Thus, this study aims to analyze orthopaedic surgeon’s prospect regarding subspecialty training in Nepal.

This is a cross sectional observational study designed to take opinion of orthopaedic surgeons of Nepal regarding subspecialty practice in orthopedics. Structured closed ended questionnaire was designed in form of “Survey app” and was disseminated to maximum possible via electronic media.

Out of total 93 respondents (mean age 37.07 years), 45.7% had a subspecialty training. Among fellowship completed surgeons (42), mean duration of fellowship was 6.92 months, India was the commonest destination (53.49%), and Arthroscopy was highest followed by Spine and Arthroplasty. Among them who haven’t done fellowship (51), 100% mentioned to have interest in doing one. learn more Maximum respondents recommended paid/sponsored fellowships (94.62%) and of 12 months’ duration (44.1%). Total of 97.85% agreed that fellowship training in orthopedics has really become important. Only 4.3% agreed that fellowship is an unnecessary burden/hype. Only 16.1% agreed that surgeons get detached from mainstream orthopedics after fellowship and also only 11.9% agreed that there retains any threat to mother orthopedics in future.

With emerging practice of subspecialty in Orthopedics in Nepal, a six months’ duration fellowship and paid fellowship program is the major choice. Thus, the fraternity should work on to promote subspecialty practice and trainings.

With emerging practice of subspecialty in Orthopedics in Nepal, a six months’ duration fellowship and paid fellowship program is the major choice. Thus, the fraternity should work on to promote subspecialty practice and trainings.

Demirjian’s method is widely used method for dental age estimation. This study was conducted with objectives of applying Demirjian’s 8 teeth method to estimate age in Nepalese Population and to determine Nepal-specific formulas.

We had used the Orthopantomographs of Nepalese people of age above five and below 23 years. The radiographs were compared to the ‘Tooth Development Chart’ and each tooth studied was assigned with any one of the 10 developmental stages using Demirijian’s 8 teeth method and total maturity scores determined. Formulas were derived using regression analysis, wherein the total maturity score obtained for each individual was considered as the independent variable and the corresponding age as the dependent variable in the STATA 15.1 statistical program.

There was underestimation of age in both the sexes by the original method. Regression equations were derived for males and females separately for age five to 18 years and again after adding cases up to 23 years. The estimation was better for males up to 18 years [R2=0.94, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) 0.747 years and SD 0.644] than for females up to 18 years (R2 = 0.89, MAE 0.886 years and SD 0.925). The estimation was better for up to 18 years than for up to 23 years in both sexes.

Demirijian’s 8 teeth method underestimated age in the study population and thus population specific equations based on the method are better for dental age estimation. The age estimation utilizing the equations from Nepalese population has given acceptable results.

Demirijian’s 8 teeth method underestimated age in the study population and thus population specific equations based on the method are better for dental age estimation. The age estimation utilizing the equations from Nepalese population has given acceptable results.

Urbanization, surplus energy uptake, decreased physical activities are general risk factors of metabolic syndrome However, it’s status, and associated components remain unexplored in the Terai region of Nepal. This study evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among adults with central obesity of Terai region of Nepal using International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in three Terai districts of Janakpur Zone, Nepal. A total of 378 adults having central obesity were selected using cluster sampling by camp approach. Interview, physical and clinical examination, measurement of fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were conducted for all participants. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components with 95% CI were estimated.

The metabolic syndrome prevalence was 74.9% (95% CI70.2-79.2%), with no significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI71.0-83.5%) and female (72.2%, 95% CI 65.2-78.3%). The most common factors observed were low high density lipoproteins with highly significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI71.0-83.5%)) and female (90.2%, 95% CI 85.094.0%-; p=0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia with significant differences between male (57.6%, 95% CI 50.1-64.5%) and female (46.9%, 95% CI 39.7-54.2%; p=0.037).

Higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Janakpur of Nepal likely suggest lack of awareness and health promotion activities for metabolic syndrome and indicate an urgency for a public health program to maintain quality of life.

Higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Janakpur of Nepal likely suggest lack of awareness and health promotion activities for metabolic syndrome and indicate an urgency for a public health program to maintain quality of life.