In addition, germline variations of TP53 have been associated with chromothripsis in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia. In the present review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of chromothripsis and the involvement of defective DNA repair genes, resulting in chromosome instability and chromothripsis-like rearrangements.The nucleolus is a prominent, membraneless compartment found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It forms around ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, where it coordinates the transcription, processing, and packaging of rRNA to produce ribosomal subunits. MKI-1 inhibitor Recent efforts to characterize the biophysical properties of the nucleolus have transformed our understanding of the assembly and organization of this dynamic compartment. Indeed, soluble macromolecules condense from the nucleoplasm to form nucleoli through a process called liquid-liquid phase separation. Individual nucleolar components rapidly exchange with the nucleoplasm and separate within the nucleolus itself to form distinct subcompartments. In addition to its essential role in ribosome biogenesis, the nucleolus regulates many aspects of cell physiology, including genome organization, stress responses, senescence and lifespan. Consequently, the nucleolus is implicated in several human diseases, such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and various forms of cancer. This Special Issue highlights new insights into the physical and molecular mechanisms that control the architecture and diverse functions of the nucleolus, and how they break down in disease.An analytical method to measure solubilized orthophosphate ions (HPO42- and PO43- ) from the water-insoluble food additives calcium phosphate dibasic (DCP) and calcium phosphate tribasic (TCP) in processed foods was optimized by comparing ion chromatography (IC) coupled with DS6 conductivity detector (Cond.) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) methods. The ion-pairing HPLC method could analyze calcium and phosphate ions successively. However, this method exhibited low reproducibility after approximately 48 hours of measurements. The IC method was established as an effective method of measuring orthophosphate ions with high reproducibility using distilled water and KOH solution as the mobile phase with a Dionex column. Matrix-based limit of detections (LOD) and limit of quantifications (LOQ) for snacks and cereals were estimated in the range of 0.01-0.91 µg/mL and 0.21-2.74 µg/mL, respectively. In inter-day and intra-day tests, the calculated precision (%RSD) and accuracy (recovery %) ranged from 0.5% to 6.6% and 82% to 117%, respectively, in both food samples. The levels of DCP or TCP could be analyzed in various positive food samples, and the developed IC method demonstrated good applicability in the analysis of DCP and TCP in collected processed foods.BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in the white population. Nonsurgical treatments are first-line alternatives in superficial BCC (sBCC); therefore, differentiating between sBCC and non-sBCC is of major relevance for the clinician. Scraping cytology possesses several advantages, such as an earlier diagnosis and scarring absence, in comparison to a biopsy. Nevertheless, previous studies reported difficulties in differentiating the different BCC subtypes. The objective of this study was to determine the capability and accuracy of scraping cytology to differentiate between sBCC and non-sBCC. METHODS In this retrospective study, cytological samples of histologically confirmed BCC were examined. Select cytological features were correlated to BCC subtypes (sBCC or non-sBCC). RESULTS A total of 84 BCC samples were included (29 sBCC; 55 non-sBCC). An inverse correlation between the diagnosis of sBCC and the presence of mucin, dehiscence, and grade of atypia in the basal cells was observed. The presence of medium and large basal cell clusters correlated directly to a sBCC diagnosis. The presence of clear cells is strongly associated with sBCC. Therefore, Conclusion Scraping cytology is reliable in differentiating sBCC from other BCC subtypes.Amongst the various gynecological malignancies affecting female health globally, ovarian cancer is one of the predominant and lethal among all. The identification and functional characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are made possible with the advent of RNA-seq and the advancement of computational logarithm in understanding human disease biology. LncRNAs can interact with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins and their combinations. Moreover, lncRNAs regulate orchestra of diverse functions including chromatin organization and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. LncRNAs have conferred their critical role in key biological processes in human cancer including tumor initiation, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. The interwoven function of tumor-suppressor protein p53-linked lncRNAs in the ovarian cancer paradigm is of paramount importance. Several lncRNAs operate as p53 regulators or effectors and modulates a diverse array of functions either by participating in various signaling cascades or via interaction with different proteins. This review highlights the recent progress made in the identification of p53 associated lncRNAs while elucidating their molecular mechanisms behind the altered expression in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, the development of novel clinical and therapeutic strategies for targeting lncRNAs in human cancers harbors great promise.Individual gene analyses of microtubule-based motor proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum have provided a rough draft of its machinery for cytoplasmic organization and division. This review collates their activities and looks forward to what is next. A comprehensive approach that considers the collective actions of motors, how they balance rates and directions, and how they integrate with the actin cytoskeleton will be necessary for a complete understanding of cellular dynamics.