2 per 1000 live births. After controlling for potential confounders, maternal age 31-34years (AOR=2.57; 95% CI 1.05, 6.30) and 35years and above (AOR=4.03; 95% CI 1.58, 10.31), caesarean section (AOR=2.24; 95% CI 1.09, 4.57), and gestational hypertension (AOR=2.63; 95% CI 1.21, 5.71) increased the odds of NNM.

Inclusion of NNM evaluations into newborn care and early screening and interventions for women who become pregnant at older age and those with pregnancy complications could improve the quality of newborn care and reduce neonatal morbidity.

Inclusion of NNM evaluations into newborn care and early screening and interventions for women who become pregnant at older age and those with pregnancy complications could improve the quality of newborn care and reduce neonatal morbidity.

Preeclampsia is characterized by overactive inflammation at the uteroplacental interface, leading to trophoblasts dysfunction. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is a crucial glycolytic regulator which has recently been found to participate in the pathological inflammatory states. This study aimed to investigate the role of PFKFB3 in the inflammation-induced damage in trophoblasts, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis (WB) were used to detect the expression of PFKFB3 in preeclamptic and normal placentas. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HTR8/SVneo cells were established as the in vitro model to simulate the overactive inflammation at the uteroplacental interface of PE, which were subsequently transfected with PFKFB3 siRNA. The expression of PFKFB3, NF-κB-p-p65, phosphorylation states of NF-κB-p65, ICAM-1, Bcl-2, BAX, and MMP2 were detected by WB. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. The ICAMs function such as adhesion, oxidative stress, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, thereby potentially participating in the preeclamptic etiopathogenesis.

Although evidence has indicated a positive effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reducing pain, few studies have focused on the elderly population with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

To evaluate whether tDCS reduces KOA pain in elderly individuals with a dysfunctional descending pain inhibitory system (DPIS).

In a double-blind trial, individuals ≥ 60 years with KOA pain and a dysfunctional DPIS, we randomly assigned patients to receive 15 daily sessions of 2mA tDCS over the primary motor cortex (anode) and contralateral supraorbital area (cathode) (M1-SO) for 20min or sham tDCS. Change in pain perception indexed by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at the end of intervention was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included disability, quantitative sensory testing, pain pressure threshold and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Subjects were followed-up for 2 months.

Of the 104 enrolled subjects, with mean (SD) age of 73.9 (8.01) years and 88 (84.6%) female, 102 finished the trial. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the active tDCS group had a significantly greater reduction in BPI compared to the sham group (difference, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.95 to 2.23; P<0.001; Cohen’s d, 0.58); and, also a significantly greater improvement in CPM-pressure in the knee (P=0.01) and CPM-pain in the hand (P=0.01). These effects were not sustained at follow-up. The intervention was well tolerated, with no severe adverse effects.

M1-SO tDCS is associated with a moderate effect size in reducing pain in elderly patients with KOA after 15 daily sessions of stimulation. Ropsacitinib cost This intervention has also shown to modulate the DPIS.

M1-SO tDCS is associated with a moderate effect size in reducing pain in elderly patients with KOA after 15 daily sessions of stimulation. This intervention has also shown to modulate the DPIS.The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) is working with industry to promote social housing during cardiovascular telemetry recordings within non-rodent safety pharmacology and toxicology studies. Following surveys to capture current practice, benefits and concerns to adoption of this refinement (2015 and 2017), a 2018 European workshop shared experience and practical advice to address common barriers such as sensitivity of different study designs and the potential for cross-contamination with test article in socially-housed conditions. A similar number of responses were received to each survey (38 in 2015; 36 in 2017), from biopharmaceutical companies and CROs that perform or outsource non-rodent telemetry studies. Each dataset had different respondents, but 19 facilities provided answers regarding dogs and non-human primates (NHPs) for both surveys. More respondents socially-housed their non-rodents in 2017; increases were apparent for both the non-recss of the community to share practical experience and publish validation data may lead to this approach becoming the ‘new standard’ across the industry in the near future, representing a core component of ‘best-practice’ recommendations to increase animal welfare whilst maintaining quality data provision for investigational and regulatory purposes.

The D-Health Trial aims to determine whether monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation can reduce the mortality rate and prevent cancer. We did not have adequate statistical power for subgroup analyses, so could not justify the high cost of collecting blood samples at baseline. To enable future exploratory analyses stratified by baseline vitamin D status, we developed models to predict baseline serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration.

We used data and serum 25(OH)D concentrations from participants who gave a blood sample during the trial for compliance monitoring and were randomised to placebo. Data were partitioned into training (80%) and validation (20%) datasets. Deseasonalised serum 25(OH)D concentrations were dichotomised using cut-points of 50, 60 and 75nmol/L. We fitted boosted regression tree models, based on 13 predictors, and evaluated model performance using the validation data.

The training and validation datasets had 1788 (10.5% <50nmol/L, 23.1% <60nmol, 48.8 <75nmol/L) and 447 (11.