Although some implications were positive, results provided insight into the cons of social media use. This study provides evidence that in order to understand the role of social media in the sleep-wake process, one must look at the specific affordances each platform provides and the different nighttime, problematic, and adverse habits of use that can arise. Documenting the variety of media use behaviors, however, introduces a considerable multiple testing threat to this research area.

Although some implications were positive, results provided insight into the cons of social media use. This study provides evidence that in order to understand the role of social media in the sleep-wake process, one must look at the specific affordances each platform provides and the different nighttime, problematic, and adverse habits of use that can arise. Documenting the variety of media use behaviors, however, introduces a considerable multiple testing threat to this research area.

Secondhand smoke exposure has been cross-sectionally associated with worse sleep health outcomes in children and shorter sleep duration in adolescents.

We assessed longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and shorter sleep duration in children from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort. We additionally examined whether associations would persist after controlling for potential confounders.

Mothers (n=4898) were recruited using a stratified random sample of large United States cities and oversampling for nonmarital births.

Mothers were asked about whether they smoked during pregnancy, whether their child spent time with someone who is smoking, and their child’s weekday sleep duration. Sociodemographic factors, asthma diagnosis, and bedtime routines were assessed as potential confounders. Data collected at ages 3, 5, and 9 years were analyzed using multivariable regression models (N=1912; 51.6% boys).

SHS exposure at age 3 predicted 15.0 fewer minutes at age 5 (P = .001) and 12.3 fewer minutes at age 9 (P=.003). SHS exposure at age 9 was cross-sectionally associated with 14.4 fewer minutes of sleep duration at age 9 (P=.002). Findings persisted after controlling for potential confounders.

These results provide associational support for the hypothesis that SHS exposure may have long-term consequences for childhood sleep duration. Emricasan Future studies should investigate the relationship between SHS exposure and shorter sleep duration using objective measurements of serum cotinine and sleep actigraphy and by exploring potential mechanisms.

These results provide associational support for the hypothesis that SHS exposure may have long-term consequences for childhood sleep duration. Future studies should investigate the relationship between SHS exposure and shorter sleep duration using objective measurements of serum cotinine and sleep actigraphy and by exploring potential mechanisms.Pediatric neuromuscular disorders are a diverse group of conditions that affect how muscle and nerve function. They involve the motor neurons, nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscles. Pathology of any of these regions leads to the inability to perform voluntary movements. Over time, the natural progression of most of these disorders is followed by significant disability, and at the most extreme, almost complete paralysis and death secondary to complications. Diagnostic measures for pediatric neuromuscular disorders, like that of most medical conditions, relies heavily on clinical presentation, history and a detailed physical examination. Primary additional diagnostic measures have included serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction studies (NCS) and muscle or nerve biopsies, which has historically been the gold standard. In the last several decades less invasive testing has become more common such as muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic testing. The advances of molecular genetics, such as next generation sequencing (NGS) which includes whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), enable clinicians to pinpoint more accurately exact gene mutations. The advent of genetic testing enhances personalized medicine. The field of pediatric neuromuscular disorders is also undergoing a remarkable evolution in therapeutic modalities including novel targeted therapies such as exon skipping/inclusion and gene replacement therapies. This is a review of the initial approach to suspected neuromuscular disorders in children as well as up to date diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for the most common pediatric neuromuscular disorders. As the world enters the new decade, there are encouraging therapeutic results. However, there remain key challenges to these modalities including limitations in its applicability, optimization for delivery of gene replacement therapies and in its effectiveness.

Dietary pattern analysis considers the overall dietary intake and combinations of foods eaten. Valid and reproducible tools for determining dietary patterns are necessary to assess diet-disease relationships.

This study evaluated the relative validity and reproducibility of the Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health (REACH) Study food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) specifically designed to identify dietary patterns in older adults.

A subset of participants from the REACH study completed two identical 109-item FFQs 1 month apart (FFQ1 and FFQ2) to assess reproducibility and a 4-day food record between FFQ administrations to assess relative validity. Foods from each dietary assessment tool were assigned to 57 food groups. Principal component analysis was applied to the food group consumption reported in each dietary assessment tool to derive dietary patterns.

Dietary data were collected (2018 and 2019) from a subset of the REACH study (n= 294, 37% men) aged 65 to 74 years, living in Auckland,bility) and ± 2.09 to ± 2.27 (validity); a negative slope of bias was seen in the prudent pattern for reproducibility and validity (P < 0.001).

The REACH FFQ generated dietary patterns with acceptable reproducibility and relative validity and therefore can be used to examine associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes in older New Zealand adults.

The REACH FFQ generated dietary patterns with acceptable reproducibility and relative validity and therefore can be used to examine associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes in older New Zealand adults.