Moreover, the normal mode analysis (NMA) method was first adopted for spectral attribution analysis of DNA long sequences. Finally, the vibration spectra of shorter sequences predicted by second-order Markov chains and Monte Carlo method were studied. To some extent, the predicted short sequences can represent the complete sequence as the initial calculation structure. A potassium ion‑oxygen (K+-O2) dual fluorescent sensing film was developed. The film contains three probes, which are K+ probe (KS), O2 probe (OS), and reference probe (RP) in a polymer film composed of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA). The RP showed blue emission, the KS exhibited green emission, and the OS showed red emission. The emission peaks of three probes do not interfere with each other, which enable the sensing film to be used for ratiometrically and quantitatively detecting the concentrations of K+ and dissolved oxygen (DO). The sensing films showed high sensitivity and selectivity to potassium ions over other metal ions and also good sensitivity for DO from deoxygenated to oxygenated conditions. The sensing film was demonstrated to be capable of analyzing K+ and DO concentrations with experimental errors smaller than ±8.5% in aqueous solutions, showing the potential applications of the sensing films. Mycobacterial diseases are important health issues in farmed deer. The single intradermal tuberculin test is the standard test for tuberculosis testing in deer. We studied two factors which might influence the response of deer to skin testing the inoculation site and the injection device. Deer included in this study were 2.5 years old farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds (n = 80). Two areas of 3 cm × 3 cm were shaved at the left side of the neck. Site A (SA) was situated about 10 cm caudal to the head, while site B (SB) was 10 cm caudal to SA. see more All hinds received at the same time two 0.1 ml inoculations of Mycobacterium avium derived purified protein derivative (aPPD). One inoculation was made by syringe and the other one with the needle-free syringe Dermojet. To test the inoculation site effect, half of the animals were inoculated by Dermojet in SA and by syringe in SB to compare with the inoculation in SA by syringe and Dermojet in SB in the other half. No differences were recorded for the injection device nor for the inoculation site. Ten hinds had a skinfold increase larger than 30 tenths of mm by any injection device and inoculation site. Seven (9%) and 6 (8%) hinds were classified as positive by syringe and Dermojet, and at the anterior or posterior inoculation site, respectively. The distribution of skinfold thickness increases did not differ by injection device. Our findings support the needle-free Dermojet syringe as a suitable tool for skin-testing in red deer and suggest no relevant effect of the position of the inoculation site along the neck in red deer. OBJECTIVE Time to adjuvant treatment could have an impact on cancer prognosis. It is possible that robotic surgery lengthens the healing time of vaginal cuff after minimally invasive hysterectomy. The objective of this study was to state the impact of time to RT (TTR) on prognosis in endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients and to assess variables associated with TTR. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a multicentric retrospective study in two cancer centers. We included EC patients, between January 1996 and January 2016. We searched variables associated with TTR and impact of TTR on end-points local recurrence-free survival, metastatic-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS 329 patients were included and 279 were analyzed for TTR impact. Robotic surgery was associated with shorter TTR (8 weeks, 8.9 w for laparotomy, 9.2 w for laparoscopy). Pelvic lymphadenectomy, para-aortic lymphadenectomy, discussion in multidisciplinary meeting and treatment center was independently associated with TTR. No impact of TTR was shown on metastatic-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival but there was a trend of a decreased local recurrence rate in case of prolonged TTR (HRcontinuous variable = 1.08; CI95 % 0.97-1.2). CONCLUSION Our study did not show any impact of treatment delay on survival end-points although prolonged TTR could moderate the benefit of radiotherapy on local control rate. Surgical route was not associated with TTR, particularly robot-associated laparoscopy did not lengthen treatment delay. TTR seems dependent of health-care organization and could represent a quality criterion of EC care for institutions. BACKGROUND Though, first identified in the gastrointestinal tract, bitter taste receptors are now believed to be ubiquitously expressed in several regions of the body, including the respiratory tract, where they play a critical role in sensing and clearance of excess metabolic substrates, toxins, debris, and pathogens. More recently, bitter taste receptor expression has been reported in cells, tissues and organs of the genitourinary (GU) system, suggesting that these receptors may play an integral role in mediating inflammatory responses to microbial aggression in the GU tract. However, the mechanisms, linking bitter taste receptor sensing with inflammatory responses are not exactly clear. Here, I review recent data on the properties and ligands of bitter taste receptors and suggest mechanisms of bitter taste receptor signaling in the GU tract, and the molecular pathways that link taste sensing to inflammatory responses in GU tract. METHOD Computer-aided search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science flammation. Bitter taste receptors may serve as important therapeutic target for treatment of a number of infectious diseases that affect the GU tract. The air-breathing specialization has evolved idependently in vertebrates, as many different organs can perfom gas exchange. The largest obligate air-breathing fish from South America Arapaima gigas breathe air using its gas bladder, and its dependence on air breathing increases during its growth. During its development, gill morphology shows a dramatic change, remodeling with a gradual reduction of gill lamellae during the transition from water breathing to air breathing . It has been suggested that in this species the gills remain the main site of O2 and CO2 sensing. Consistent with this, we demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of the neuroepithelial cells (NECs) in the glottis, and in the gill filament epithelia and their distal halves. These cells contain a broader spectrum of neurotransmitters (5-HT, acetylcholine, nNOS), G-protein subunits and the muscarininic receptors that are coupled to G proteins (G-protein coupled receptors). We report also for the first time the presence of G alpha proteins coupled with muscarinic receptors on the NECs, that are thought as receptors that initiate the cardiorespiratory reflexes in aquatic vertebrates.