Furthermore, high-doses of TGF-β1 suppressed collagen II, but enhanced collagen I, TIMP-3, MMP-13, ALK1/5 and Smad1/2/3/5/8 expression. ALK5 inhibition induced the suppression of Smad2/3 and aggravated high-dose TGF-β1-induced NPC degeneration, as shown by the reduction in collagen II and increase in collagen I, TIMP-3 and MMP-13. By contrast, A…[Read more]